American Political Science Association: About APSA

advertising, insertions, agency discount, review, invoice, billing, insertion orders, closing, Disks, art, camera, supplying, American Political Science, APSA, calendar, Contracts, consecutive insertions, Cambridge University Press, fonts, enlarging, APSR, Payment, In-house advertising departments, recognized advertising agencies, gross billing, advertising manager, Contracts extending, missing insertions, qualify, guarantee.

APSR includes a book review section, major "review essays" and extensive reviews of individual books of scholarly interest to the profession.
The closing dates for insertion orders and camera-ready copy are as follows: March issue - January 15th, June issue - April 15th, September issue - July 15th, and for the December issue - October 15th.
Advertising is handled by Cambridge University Press.
Individual billing at the 4x rate is granted to advertisers who guarantee four consecutive insertions of the same size within a twelve month period.
Agency insertions orders on behalf of the advertiser must be received by closing dates in order to receive the agency discount.
Payment in full is due 30 days from the date of invoice.

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This paper presents a model of political competition with campaign contributions and informative political advertising.
Policy-motivated parties compete by selecting candidates and interest groups provide contributions to enhance the electoral prospects of like-minded candidates.
The paper uses the model to analyze the welfare economics of contribution limits.
Such limits are shown to redistribute welfare from moderate voters to interest group members.
Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 8693.
Note: PE Contact details of provider: Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
More information about subscriptions and free access is available at http://www.nber.org/wwphelp.html.

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VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- While political advertising can play on people's fears or misrepresent candidates' positions, the greatest ethical concern is how much money political advertising requires candidates to raise and spend, said U.S. Archbishop John P. Foley.
The archbishop, president of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, said multimillion-dollar campaigns such as that waged by New York's new mayor, Michael Bloomberg, raise ethical questions.
The questions include: At what point does political campaign spending become excessive, and does the need to have money for advertising keep qualified candidates from running for office?
Archbishop Foley's remarks about advertising were read in Bucharest, Romania, Nov. 30 at a conference on ethics and democracy sponsored by the New Europe Foundation.

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We have all seen the power of political advertising.
Politicians use advertising to generate information about themselves and their opponents.
It says, "When you ride ALONE you ride with Hitler!
Apparently the War Advertising Council was a partner in the war effort during WWII.
Today the advertising for our armed forces is this, "Be all that you can be."
It encourages individuality and doing what is best for you.
This is not meant to come in a negative light, I only point it out to show that society has changed.
That is how advertising works, as a channel, bringing information to society and individuals.

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Little attention was paid to political advertising until 1952, when Dwight D. Eisenhower successfully ran for the U.S. presidency.
Since 1952, advertising executives have played an increasingly important role in political campaigns.
In addition, TV spot announcements have become a major feature of campaigns for public offices at the national and state levels.
His invention led to the first forms of mass advertising--printed posters, handbills, and newspaper ads.
Many of the early magazines in the United States either refused to print advertisements or carried only certain kinds of ads.
The rise of radio and television provided advertisers with new, powerful media.

advertising, papers, Internet, report, Marketing, Austin, Texas, Entrepreneurial Edge, Arts, Professional Report, partial fulfillment, Media Buying, Master, students, Jeffrey, Keith, Larry, Chase, Guide, Product Placement, control, Caveat, theses, promises, Direct-To-Consumer, Drugs, Government, School, John, Consumer.

One of the great promises of the Internet is ready access to useful information.
We are attempting to begin fulfilling that promise by offering you a variety of papers written about a range of advertising topics.
We are making no attempt to control the quality of papers that appear here, since even a poor thesis or report may contain information that is useful to some readers.
A Thesis presented as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Advertising at The University of Texas at Austin.
A Professional Report presented as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Advertising at The University of Texas at Austin.
Pro-Active Marketing on the World Wide Web.

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We have worked with major party institutions such as the Republican National Committee and the National Republican Congressional Committee producing issue advertising of importance to their candidates and party.
Members of the Smith & Harroff advertising team come from an advertising, production and public relations background.
Using modern-day communications techniques, Smith & Harroff is able to meet the challenges of 21st century campaigning.
Rapid same-day turnaround of television and radio advertising, email video, audio or print files for approval, digital transmission to radio and television stations are now routine production and delivery services.
Since field production and post-production (editing) is billed by the hour preparation is essential.

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This site is a clearing house of some examples of recent and notable government advertising campaigns.
It's intended for use by students of communication, researchers of political advertising and the mass media.
Many of the samples were collected while I was writing my book, Making Pictures in Our Heads: Government Advertising In Canada (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000).
In order to view these ads, you will need QuickTime.
This ad ran in 1988 by a Republican PAC though many thought that it was Michael Dukakis's opponent, George Bush who sponsored it.
A good selection of American Presidential Ads can be found at The Living Room Candidate.

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One of the directions of activities of the Advertising Research Office "Prospect" is the study of the mass media audience (the rating of TV and radio channels, readability of periodicals, etc.).
Another service provided by "Prospect" today is submission of information references and reports on the monitoring results.
The Advertising Research Office "Prospect" holds seminars on the problems of marketing studies, media planning and information support of a promotion campaign, with participation of leading specialists in the advertising business.
In the field of political advertising and pre-election technologies the Office has been actively cooperating with the Federal Center for Expert Examinations, Consulting and Predictions.

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Without the drum beat and hype of 2000, it is hard to get a sense of online campaigning trends in the mid-term U.S. elections.
My advice to candidates has been to maximize the size of their opt-in e-mail announcement lists.
One idea is to build on the Republican's use of banner ads that ask for your e-mail address.
If you so desire, zip your list of top three campaigns to watch online in 2002.
Include a sentence or two about online innovations or key strategies to watch.
I'll share the URLs and credits in one big list without attribution.
*** them to subscribe to the free DO-WIRE service.

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Videostyle in Presidential Campaigns Style and Content of Televised Political Advertising By Lynda Lee Kaid and Anne Johnston Political Communication, Praeger Series in (ISSN: 1062-5623) Praeger Publishers.
Since 1952, when Eisenhower's media consultants decided they could "warm up" the General's personality and overcome selective exposure by using short spots on television, advertising has played a major role in American presidential campaigns.
By the late 1990s, candidates and their political parties spend hundreds of millions on TV ads.
Great Plains Quarterly ** Table of Contents ** -- Preface -- Presidential Campaign Advertising on Television -- Political Advertising Content and Effects -- Vidoestyle: Concept, Theory, and Method -- Advertising Content and Styles Across the Years -- Videostyle and Political Candidate Positioning -- Negative and Positive Videostyle -- Videostyle and Ethics in Political Advertising -- The Mediation of Videostyle: How Television and Newspapers Cover Political Candidate Advertising -- Videostyle in International Perspective -- Recurring Elements of Videostyle and the Future of Presidential Candidate Presentation -- References -- Appendix: Videostyle Codesheet ** Authors ** LYNDA LEE KAID is Professor of Communication and George Lynn Cross Research Professor at the University of Oklahoma where she also serves as the Director of the Political Communication Center and supervises the Political Commercial Archive.

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U.S. & FOREIGN CURRENCY REPRODUCTIONS Before 1984, the law did not permit the use of currency reproduction in commercial advertisements (whether they were photographic or other likenesses).
The Texas Election Law requires certain disclosures and notices on political advertising.
The disclosure and notice requirements discussed in this section apply only to political advertising.
NOTICE: IT IS A VIOLATION OF STATE LAW (CHAPTERS 392 AND 393, TRANSPORTATION CODE) TO PLACE THIS SIGN IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF A HIGHWAY.
For information about exactly where you may not place signs, check with your city or county government or with the Texas Department of Transportation.

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WASHINGTON (AP) -- Negative ads get the most attention, but most of the advertising in the presidential race has been positive -- at least so far.
The ad campaigns of Democrat Al Gore and Republican George W. Bush have been almost totally positive, as they left the attacks to their political parties, which run ads on their behalf, according to an analysis of ad spending through Sept. 13 by the University of Wisconsin.
In each of these places, typical viewers have seen at least 150 total ads since June -- even more for viewers who watch the shows targeted by campaigns and fewer for other TV watchers.

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Until the 1998 elections, few television or radio stations cared about the role or impact of political advertising.
Rarely, if ever, were the stories about the huge volume of ads or the remarkable amounts---and sources---of campaign contributions paying for them.
As we enter the 1999--2000 election cycle, what appeared last year to be healthy competition for station time---and a nice boost for station revenue---may grow into a nationwide problem as local elections are inundated with ads purchased by organizations far removed from local communities.
The station news director, producers and reporters face a growing list of questions about how their station covers the candidates, the groups that support them, and the issues that are vital to the community.

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Note: These images are from an informal survey of Shanghai's commercial and residential streets taken in December 1997 and organized to illustrate the trends and goals of outdoor political advertising and public service announcements in China today: (1) the construction of a Socialist Civic Identity"; (2) the announcement of key political events in 1997; (3) the decentralization of political advertising; (4) the privatization of political advertising; (5) the provision of public service announcements and (6) the promotion of model residential units.
Although only some 38 images have been selected for presentation on these pages, this 1997 survey of Shanghai streets produced some 240 images.

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HAT Archive covers the period from 1800 to the present day and contains approaching three million items of (principally UK) advertising, marketing and retail, media and public relations material.
It includes the archives of individual organisations and companies in our field and contains every kind of print advertising, 35mm film, tapes and fiche.
Charles Barker Group, 1900-1980 (D as advertising agency).
Ammirati Puris Lintas print and commercials prior to merger with Lowe (Lowe Lintas) in 2000.
HAT Archive's Library consists of books, reference books, industry data, consumer and trade magazines and journals, from the late C19th to the present day.

advertising, insertions, agency discount, review, invoice, billing, insertion orders, closing, Disks, art, camera, supplying, American Political Science, APSA, calendar, Contracts, consecutive insertions, Cambridge University Press, fonts, enlarging, APSR, Payment, In-house advertising departments, recognized advertising agencies, gross billing, advertising manager, Contracts extending, missing insertions, qualify, guarantee.

APSR includes a book review section, major "review essays" and extensive reviews of individual books of scholarly interest to the profession.
The closing dates for insertion orders and camera-ready copy are as follows: March issue - January 15th, June issue - April 15th, September issue - July 15th, and for the December issue - October 15th.
Advertising is handled by Cambridge University Press.
Individual billing at the 4x rate is granted to advertisers who guarantee four consecutive insertions of the same size within a twelve month period.
Agency insertions orders on behalf of the advertiser must be received by closing dates in order to receive the agency discount.
Payment in full is due 30 days from the date of invoice.

political commercials, Kanter, Julian, Josh Lee, lectures, scholars, professional groups, business, civic clubs, educational institutions, active outreach program, PCC, Communication, Senator, honor, oratory, art, biennial event highlighting, Lee Lecture Series, media, students, forum, sponsors conferences, valuable historical materials, major purpose, one-of-a-kind, holdings, United States, school boards, Presidency.

The Center is the repository of the Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive®, the largest and most comprehensive collection of political broadcast advertising in the world.
The archive was established in 1985 when the University of Oklahoma acquired a private collection of approximately 25,000 political commercials from Julian P. Kanter.
The major purpose of the archive is to preserve these valuable historical materials and to make them available for scholarly and professional use.
For example, the Josh Lee Lecture Series is a biennial event highlighting the art of oratory in honor of former U.S. Senator and Communication Chair Josh Lee.

political advertising, public service, Transnational China Project, streets, survey, public service announcements, Shanghai, queries, Lewis, Rice University Home, Baker Institute Home, Disclaimer, Xuhui, Changning, Luwan, Huangpu, districts, Dingxi Road, Yuyuan Road, Julu Road, Huaihai Road, Beijing Road, Nanjing Road, model residential units, promotion, provision, privatization, decentralization, key political events, Socialist Civic Identity.

Note: These images are from an informal survey of Shanghai's commercial and residential streets taken in December 1997 and organized to illustrate the trends and goals of outdoor political advertising and public service announcements in China today: (1) the construction of a Socialist Civic Identity"; (2) the announcement of key political events in 1997; (3) the decentralization of political advertising; (4) the privatization of political advertising; (5) the provision of public service announcements and (6) the promotion of model residential units.
Although only some 38 images have been selected for presentation on these pages, this 1997 survey of Shanghai streets produced some 240 images.

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Only parties properly registered with the election authorities are eligible to purchase time.
In the 1979 and 1980 general elections the formula agreed by the party representatives was composed of the proportion of the vote each party received in the previous general election; the number of seats held in the national House of Commons before dissolution and the number of candidates nominated in the previous elections, with the first two factors double-weighted.
Once the total time has been allocated, each party is free to purchase as much of its allotted time as it wishes and to use that time as it wishes.

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In almost every election year since televised political advertising began in 1952, ads have generated controversies and ethical or legal debates.
The "Daisy" ad is one of the nearly 100 ads --- some of them well-known, others never seen before --- featured in their entirety in "Political Advertisement 2000," a one-hour video representing 12 presidential elections and 50 years of political ads, edited chronologically and without commentary, by artists Antoni Muntadas and Marshall Reese.
Offering an overview of the history of election politics and political advertising on TV, it is intended to provide a new perspective on the current presidential campaign by highlighting how politicians try to introduce themselves as heroes, how they try to differentiate themselves from their opponents and how they attack each other.

advertising, communication, consumer behavior, politics, psychology, gender, media, Purdue News, conventions, University-Purdue, Indiana, lifestyle, retailing, sciences, Richard, Photos, Purdue News Service, political party conventions, orchestration, popular media, television advertising, Researches presidential nominating, Smith, Larry, political speaking, public communication, emphasizing, contemporary society, mass communication, influence.

Has written national studies on consumer behavior and retailing and has been published in major journals.
Has looked at how involvement affects response to advertising; personal attributes that lead to high spending; and the gift-giving mentality.
Research interests include national advertising, psychographics (lifestyle and its effect on purchase decisions), advertising as problem-solving, and advertising of products for particular lifestyles.
Has studied persuasion as it relates to recent history in politics and art.
Has researched and presented papers on gender-role stereotypes and gender casting in TV toy advertisements.
Primary interests focus on the influence of mass communication on contemporary society, emphasizing the way in which media affect traditional forms of public communication such as political speaking.

political advertising, archbishop, candidates, ethical questions, remarks, campaigns, raise, money, SOURCE CNS, Vatican, Europe Foundation, ethics, conference, Romanian capital Bucharest, qualified candidates, political campaign spending, Michael Bloomberg, mayor, multimillion dollar campaigns, Social Communications, Pontifical Council, president, Foley, Archbishop John, misrepresent candidates, fears, play, Freefind.

While political advertising can play on people's fears or misrepresent candidates' positions, the greatest ethical concern is how much money political advertising requires candidates to raise and spend, said Archbishop John P. Foley.
The archbishop, president of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, said multimillion dollar campaigns such as that waged by New York's new mayor, Michael Bloomberg, raise ethical questions.
The questions include those of the point at which political campaign spending becomes excessive, and the whether the requirement to have money for advertising keeps qualified candidates from running for office.
Archbishop Foley's remarks about advertising were read in the Romanian capital Bucharest on Friday, at a conference on ethics and democracy sponsored by the New Europe Foundation.

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In the 1930's, Republicans savagely attacked Franklin Roosevelt's "New Deal" sometimes changing his middle name from Delano to "Damnation."
Nevertheless, the heavy reliance on negative advertising in many recent televised campaigns has raised the issue of the role of negative political advertising in the democratic process.
On the benefits side, negative ads are more likely to be remembered than more positive ads and can be very effective, particularly if they are sponsored by a source other than the candidate.
Some critics have attacked the preponderance of negative ads in U.S. politics.
Negative ads focus on limitations of one candidate, but do not necessarily show what the attacking candidate has to offer.

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In the past election season, spending on federal elections shattered all records, reaching an estimated $1.6 billion.
The cost of running for political office in America has simply become too high, and Congresswoman Slaughter is determined to clean up our out-of-control campaign finance system.
That is why on January 7, 1997, Congresswoman Slaughter reintroduced the Fairness in Political Advertising Act (H.R. 84).
This legislation would both reduce the cost of elections and level the playing field among candidates by requiring broadcast stations to make free political advertising time available to qualifying candidates, as a condition of those stations renewing their licences.

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U.S. & FOREIGN CURRENCY REPRODUCTIONS Before 1984, the law did not permit the use of currency reproduction in commercial advertisements (whether they were photographic or other likenesses).
The Texas Election Law requires certain disclosures and notices on political advertising.
The disclosure and notice requirements discussed in this section apply only to political advertising.
NOTICE: IT IS A VIOLATION OF STATE LAW (CHAPTERS 392 AND 393, TRANSPORTATION CODE) TO PLACE THIS SIGN IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF A HIGHWAY.
For information about exactly where you may not place signs, check with your city or county government or with the Texas Department of Transportation.

regulations, industry, News, Business, laws, legal information, Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe, resources, concept term, self-regulatory organizations, consumer groups, private, governments, articles, electronic access, Cornell University, Legal Information Institute, enforce regulations, Associations, Encyclopedia, Federal Regulations, finding articles, user documentation, geographic area, refine, website, libraries, Global Access, first paragraph, headline.

Step 1: Look for magazine or journal articles on current or pending regulations and laws from national, state, local governments; private or public consumer groups; or self-regulatory organizations that affect your product.
Do an industry search then refine the search by using the concept term, "all government."
You can search for National and State regulations and laws using the U.S. Code, Code of Federal Regulations, and State Codes.
Find publiic or private consumer groups or self-regulatory organizations that develop and enforce regulations that affects your industry.
Provides electronic access to U.S. and state legal information, including the U.S. code, laws and regulations, and legal resources for different topics.

advertising, media, video, toll-free, production, students, television, resource, ads, culture, consumer, images, marketing, commercials, practices, American, history, classroom, school, sell, price, media literacy, segment, control, art, creations, news, prime time, Color Adjustment, Kilbourne, parents, high school, community groups, popular, teachers, religion, guide, exposes, industry, kids, toys, sold, colleges, female.

This wide-ranging collection of essays explores the interplay between media and news subjects, audiences, and advertisers -- and attempts to define the press' moral obligations in these relationships.
March from decade to decade with this collection of 32 posters representing a century of advertising images and messages.
SOLD SEPARATELY Parents and Children in Consumer Culture In this accessible book richly illustrated with historical and current ads, Ellen Seiter explores how toys are sold differently to parents and children -- to children through commercials based on their "badge appeal" to peers and to parents through print ads based on claims for educational value.
READING IMAGES The Grammar of Visual Design by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen Drawing on examples from children's drawings to advertising images, the authors explore how images "speak" and shape meaning through color, perspective, framing and composition.

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Why We Should Get Rid of Political Advertising--Now!
Read this essay, written by Bob Welke, and answer the questions which follow.
He discusses the old adage, "nothing kills a bad product faster than good advertising".
Why does it NOT fit for political ads?
Why are gen Xers less likely to become politically involved than previous generations or young Americans?
"There wasn't any VH1 when those words were written.
There weren't any Web sites, transit ads or caller I.D.".
Explain what the author is trying to express with this reference to technology.
Do you think there is a difference between political campaigns and propaganda?
State your opinion clearly in a paragraph and use examples when possible.

media, advertising, target, campaign, voters, audience, ratings, radio, spot, network, demographics, commercials, news, cost, buying, stations, television, undecideds, election, politics, flighting, viewer, gross rating, schedule, planning, Considerations, media plan, local news, broadcast, weighting, daypart, format, sports, time slots, reaching, cable television, attracting, features, channels, market, country, sports coverage, popular, bought.

Tobe Berkovitz, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at the College of Communication, Boston University where he teaches courses in advertising and political campaigning.
He has worked for twenty years as a political media consultant specializing in media buying.
The goal of media buying in an election campaign is to reach a defined target audience in the most efficient and economical way possible.
By judging the format used by a station, and analyzing the rating demographic data, radio buys can be made extremely cost-efficient.
It is a localized medium and concentrates in a tight geographic region.
Popular music, news, service features, traffic reports, weather updates, sports coverage or talk shows at night.

effectiveness, sell, ads, campaigns, voters, online, political advertising, facts, Toolkit, platforms/positions/parties, useful information, voters vorte, hoew, optimism, distrust, trust, loyalty, patritism, mystery, anger, fear, graphics, special effects, camera angles, sound effects, Notice production elemetnts, loving family member, lies, truth, strong/weak defense.

What is the political ad trying to "sell"?
(e.g. has experience, creates new ideas, tells the truth, tells lies, is a loving family member, etc.).
How does the political ad sell the message?
Notice production elemetnts: sound effects, music, camera angles and movement, black and white or in color, special effects, graphics.
Is the ad negative ('the other guy is bad') or positive ('look at hoew good I am')?
Is the negative advertising necessarily a bad thing?
Who's providing the facts and where did they get them?
Does the political ad provide useful information to voters?
Could you define the candidates' platforms/positions/parties from their ads?

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In this activity you'll learn about some common persuasion techniques and propaganda strategies used in political advertisements.
Think of any commercials, public service announcements, or political statements that may contain propaganda, and try to list at least three.
Browse this site for any information on political advertising and campaign strategies.
What is the overall tone of the ad--positive or negative?
Get into groups and choose one member to be a "candidate."
Each group will be assigned to a different technique as listed under "Common Techniques" at the propaganda site.
Use the information you have read at the PBS site, including "What the Parties Tell the Candidate," and information from the "dissect an Ad" page, to help you devise a thirty-second TV commercial.

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"Spending on political television ads continues to increase as candidates heat up their battle over the airwaves.
Go to http://www.google.com and perform this search: "political ads" site:pbs.org The Air War Washington Post media reporter Howard Kurtz evaluates the accuracy of political advertising in this occasional Washington Post series.
Annenberg Public Policy Center (U. Penn) - Political Discourse: Issue Advertising Several papers available in .pdf format (requires free Adobe Acrobat Reader) by Kathleen Hall Jamieson and others: Articles include: "Stand By Your Ad: A Conference on Issue Advocacy Advertising" "Free Air Time and Campaign Reform " - "Issue Advocacy Advertising During the 1996 Campaign: A Catalog " = "Free Air Time and Campaign Reform " Campaign 2000: In Their Own Words Sourcebook for the 2000 Presidential Election - a collection of speeches and ads from the Presidential campaign on CD.